In this paper, trade and price Policies in relation to rice have been analyzed. The trends of rice import show high fluctuation compared with the productions growth. This has caused some fluctuations in domestic prices. In addition, rice import is faced with some problems due to the Government monopoly. Guaranteed price policy on rice has not been successful, mainly due to lack of storing facilities, inconsistency of prices with costs of production and time of buying. Finally some suggestions are made to solve problems.

In this paper, trade and price Policies in relation to rice have been analyzed. The trends of rice import show high fluctuation compared with the productions growth. This has caused some fluctuations in domestic prices. In addition, rice import is faced with some problems due to the Government monopoly. Guaranteed price policy on rice has not been successful, mainly due to lack of storing facilities, inconsistency of prices with costs of production and time of buying. Finally some suggestions are made to solve problems.

At the time Sheykhie, as a new sect, appeared and was established in Kerman, since the establisher and the other leaders of the sect had kinship relation with Qajar Government, their local power in politics escalated. The Abraham family who were the believers of Shekhie affected political changes in Kerman not only because they were considered as a religious group, but also because they penetrated Qajar’s administrative organization and Government. Therefore, each Qajar king, in proportion to his religious interest and condition, applied different religious Policies dealing with the Abraham family believing in Sheykhie to keep balance and prevent disagreement between the present religious sects, Sheykhie and Motashare’i, in Kerman. During the kingdom of Mozaffar al-Din Shah, because of his tendency towards Sheykhie, religious and opinionative disagreements reached their pick in that the relations between the two sects turned into an argument. This issue is very significant since it is considered as one of the reasons causing The Constitutional revolution.

This study investigates the role of Government Policies on innovation by considering the mediating role of risk-taking (fear of failure) in Iran, according to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) reports. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature. A questionnaire technique has been used to collect data in this quantitative research. The statistical population of this study is business owners and managers in Iran. The data analysis tools used in this research are SPSS statistical software and AMOS modeling software. In this study, the source of data collection was the global report and the database of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor website. A linear regression model has been used in order to evaluate the research data. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) measures Government Policies on entrepreneurship through two subcomponents: protectionist and business-related Policies; and Government Policies related to taxes, duties, and bureaucracy. According to the findings of this study, Government Policies on entrepreneurship in Iran have had a significant and positive impact on innovation, and the risk-taking (fear of failure) index has played a mediating role in the relationship between the Government's Policies and innovation. Therefore, in the current economic conditions in Iran, attention to the Government's Policies and its executive behavior should be paid more attention to develop innovative activities and strengthen entrepreneurial competencies.

he aim of this article is to analyze the fourth, fifth and sixth parliament’s transcripts to show that which kind of public Policies of the Government has been considered by the legislators. The conceptual framework of Almond, Powell and Mundt is used to determine the Policies which were significant according to parliament members. The content analysis method is used on the representatives’ pre-agenda speeches, their notifications to administration, their inquiries from ministers and interrogation of ministers and at last their proposals of annual budget. The present research shows that despite different majorities in these three parliaments, representatives in each of them focused totally on the Governmental aspects and the social issues have not been considered. According to this paper among different Policies of Government more than three quarters of MPs actions appertain to distributive Policies and most of them have been confined to distributive Policies at the local level instead of the national level. It means that extractive Policies, symbolic Policies and also regulative Policies have almost been neglected by MPs. In spite of the constitution’s emphasis on the representatives’ task of inquiring into all the national affairs, they have only focused on their own electorate.

In line with the passage of time and advancement of science and technology, there have been changes in individuals’ social relations in different societies which are easily observable. Changes in ideals and wishes, needs and expectations of individuals have influenced on social institutions and were also influenced by the transformation of these institutions. Family, too, as the basic institution in any society, is not an exception and is transforming. Unquestionably, changes in role and status of family will be observable in the society and its functions. One of the most significant of these changes in the recent decades was in marriage. This paper is to study the social changes in marriage in Iran and the role and function of Government and the related institutions.

Entrepreneurship is a process of innovation and new venture creation aided by Government initiatives and Policies. The role that Government plays in these collaborative processes has been widely acknowledged by both academics and practitioners. In this article we examine the literature on Policies that Government agencies may formulate and implement to promote an entrepreneurial climate. We studied some major policy frameworks and finally suggest a policy guideline to be adopted by those in policy making positions.

The main goal of this research is study of Government Policies and related organizations in tourism industry in the third economic and cultural plan (because of its coincidence with its form, a functional system of policy making, resulting in the sustainable development of a country's tourism industry. The results of the research show that the Policies of tourism industry in each of five-year plans namely the third development plan, have suffered due to lack of a model for predefined policy makings and specially lack of attention to basic policy making indices like centralization and coherence in goals, systematic, and integrated perspective among the policy makers, the extent of practicality of Policies, and effective responsive system and a system for performance evaluation. Tourism development requires close consideration of development dimensions in all individual, organizational and national levels, and permanence of this development depends on utilization of resources, directing investments, orientation of technology development and a structural and fundamental change compatible with now and future needs of humanity. In this research, Government Policies in diplomatic, economic, cultural, and educational dimensions have been investigated. Tourism scholars believe that the path for achievement of sustainable development of tourism is feasible only through working on the following two groups: - Primary indices of policy making apart from the subject of tourism. - Professional branches of tourism In the accomplished model the role and importance of any of the indices have been predicted. Moreover lack of a scientific basis in policy making resulted in consideration of this inefficiency in the model. The suggested model defines some goals at three levels: individual, organizational and national, and it is hoped that through fulfilling the goals of development in the above three; we may reach to a permanent development of tourism.

long-term costs but also facilitates the resolution of the country's issues and has a direct relationship with Government effectiveness. Policy instability is undesirable due to reasons such as reduced public and private sector trust in the Government, unresolved root issues in the country, high costs of frequent changes, and unintended side effects of Policies, leading to numerous studies aimed at reducing this instability, especially in developing countries. The goal of this research is to extract strategies for enhancing the sustainability of Policies set by the Government and the cabinet. To this end, in addition to reviewing the literature, the institutions influencing Government Policies and the second assemblies have been specifically examined, and to confirm and complete the findings, a focus group was formed, and interviews with experts were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used in these studies, and the results were evaluated by a panel of reviewers. Ultimately, strategies were presented in four categories: structural, institutional, managerial, and governance to increase the likelihood of policy sustainability.

Cotton is one of the most important agricultural commodities in Iran which, in spite of the Government Policies and emphasis on self -sufficiency and non-oil export exchange earning, has lost its previous ranking in the country.The decline and fluctuation in cotton production and export and also increase in the domestic consumption, due to population growth, have even necessitated the import of this commodity in some recent years.In this paper, the performance and efficiency of the Government Policies; currency valuation, inputs subsidy, and the announcement of purchasing guaranteed price are studied by using the Policies Analysis Matrix which is applied to 1998 data.The results show although the policy of inputs subsidies has protected the producers to some extent but on the other hand, the Policies of under-valued currency and guaranteed price fixation have even damaged the producer's position. As a result the cumulative effects of these Policies have biase toward production and have caused the producers to be taxed. The results also show that the country has comparative advantages in production and export of this commodity.Therefore, it is suggested that in order to protect a commodity it is necessary to work out the cumulative effects of various Policies instead of considering each policy in isolation.